Second Coming
EschatologyBeliefs about Christ's return — whether it will be visible or invisible, imminent or distant, and what events will accompany it.
Key scriptures: Acts 1:11, Matthew 24:30-31, 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17, Revelation 1:7
Catholic (5)
Eastern Catholic (Byzantine Rite)
Affirms
Christ will return in glory to judge the living and dead
Maronite Catholic
Affirms
Christ will return visibly to judge all and consummate the Kingdom
Old Catholic Church
Affirms
Literal return; future event; judgment of living and dead; resurrection of all
Roman Catholic
Affirms
Christ will return visibly in glory to judge the living and the dead
Saint Thomas Christians (Syro-Malabar Church)
Affirms
Christ's return to judge the living and dead; Parousia affirmed in Nicene Creed
Orthodox (5)
Assyrian Church of the East
Affirms
Christ will return in glory to judge the living and dead and establish the Kingdom
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Affirms
Christ will return visibly to judge all humanity and establish eternal Kingdom
Eastern Orthodox
Affirms
Christ will return visibly in glory to judge all and establish the eternal Kingdom
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Affirms
Christ will return in glory to judge all and establish the eternal Kingdom
Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
Affirms
Christ will return in glory to judge all and renew creation
Mainline Protestant (8)
Anglican / Episcopalian
Affirms
Personal return of Christ to judge the living and the dead
Calvinist / Reformed
Affirms
Personal, bodily return of Christ to judge all humanity
Congregationalist (UCC)
Nuanced
Final triumph of God affirmed; doctrinal specificity about return varies
Lutheran
Affirms
Bodily return of Christ; universal resurrection and judgment
Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod
Affirms
Literal, visible, bodily return of Christ; imminent; judge of all humanity
Methodist
Affirms
Personal return of Christ expected; focus on readiness over prediction
Presbyterian
Affirms
Personal return of Christ; universal resurrection and judgment certain
Reformed Church in America
Affirms
Literal visible return of Christ; judges living and dead; inaugurated eschatology framework
Evangelical (15)
Baptist (Southern Baptist Convention)
Affirms
Christ will return personally, bodily, and visibly to judge the world
Calvary Chapel
Affirms
Jesus will literally, visibly, and bodily return to earth
Christian & Missionary Alliance
Affirms
Personal, imminent return of Christ; bodily, visible, audible manifestation
Christian Reformed Church in North America
Affirms
Christ will return personally, bodily, and visibly to judge all creation
Church of the Nazarene
Affirms
Christ will return personally and bodily to judge and consummate history
Evangelical Covenant Church
Affirms
Personal return of Christ; future eschatological event; various views permitted on details
Evangelical Free Church of America
Affirms
Christ will return personally, bodily, and visibly to judge and consummate
IFCA International (Independent Fundamental Churches of America)
Affirms
Literal pretribulational rapture followed by second coming with millennial reign
National Association of Free Will Baptists
Affirms
Christ will return personally, bodily, and visibly to judge all humanity
Non-denominational Evangelical
Affirms
Christ will return bodily and visibly; all people will be judged
Pentecostal (Assemblies of God)
Affirms
Imminent pre-tribulation rapture; Christ returns visibly to establish his kingdom
Presbyterian Church in America
Affirms
Literal, visible, bodily return of Christ; inaugurated eschatology; final judgment
Reformed Baptist Churches (1689 London Baptist Confession)
Affirms
Literal, visible, bodily return of Christ; final judgment; renovation of all things
The Wesleyan Church
Affirms
Literal, bodily return of Christ; future; bodily resurrection of all people follows
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod
Affirms
Literal, visible, bodily return of Christ; imminent; final judge of all humanity
Charismatic (5)
Charismatic Movement
Affirms
Jesus will literally return; strong eschatological expectancy is common
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
Affirms
Personal return of Christ; future; brings bodily resurrection and final judgment
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
Affirms
Premillennial return of Christ; literal bodily resurrection; pretribulation rapture common
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
Affirms
Premillennial literal return; Jesus the Coming King; literal bodily resurrection
Vineyard Churches
Affirms
Jesus will return visibly and bodily to complete God's Kingdom
Anabaptist (5)
Amish (Old Order)
Affirms
Christ will return; the community waits with patient faithfulness
Brethren in Christ Church
Affirms
Christ will return literally; judgment and resurrection; pre or amillennial views present
Church of the Brethren
Affirms
Christ will return literally; judgment and resurrection; Kingdom emphasis over precise timelines
Hutterite Brethren
Affirms
Christ will return; the community waits with patient, communal faithfulness
Mennonite Church
Affirms
Christ will return to complete God's reign of justice and peace
Adventist & Restorationist (5)
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Affirms
Hope of Christ's return affirmed; no specific eschatological system
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
Affirms
Literal bodily return; future event; judgment of living and dead
Churches of Christ
Affirms
Jesus will return literally and bodily for the final resurrection and judgment
International Churches of Christ
Affirms
Jesus will return literally and bodily for final judgment
Seventh-day Adventist Church
Affirms
Christ's literal, visible, glorious return is imminent and premillennial
Other Protestant (8)
Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum)
Affirms
Christ will return; celebrated in Easter and liturgical traditions.
Plymouth Brethren
Affirms
Christ's return is literal and imminent; pre-tribulation rapture of church.
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
Varies
Evangelical affirm literal return; liberal emphasize present or spiritual
Seventh Day Baptist General Conference
Affirms
Literal return of Christ in glory to judge all people and consummate history
The Salvation Army
Affirms
Affirm literal return of Christ; judgment and glory
True Jesus Church
Affirms
Imminent literal return of Christ; premillennial; visible to all
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
Affirms
Jesus will literally return; imminent and premillennial; urgency for evangelism, obedience, and giving
Waldensian Church (Chiesa Evangelica Valdese)
Affirms
Literal return of Christ in glory to judge all and consummate history
Non-Trinitarian (6)
Biblical Unitarians
Affirms
Christ returns personally and bodily to establish God's kingdom on earth
Christadelphians
Affirms
Christ returns bodily to Jerusalem; raises the responsible dead and judges them
Church of God General Conference (Abrahamic Faith)
Affirms
Christ returns bodily to establish God's kingdom; raises the dead and judges all
Jehovah's Witnesses
Nuanced
Christ's invisible presence began 1914; visible Armageddon is imminent
Oneness Pentecostals (UPCI)
Affirms
Christ returns bodily and imminently; rapture and tribulation anticipated
Unitarian Universalist
Varies
Second coming not affirmed; most UUs interpret eschatology non-literally or not at all
Latter-day Saint (2)
Unique & Independent (7)
Armstrongism (Sabbatarian splinter groups)
Affirms
Christ returns to establish the Kingdom of God on earth; literal premillennial return
Church of Christ, Scientist
Nuanced
Second Coming is spiritual appearing of Truth in human consciousness
General Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian)
Nuanced
Second Coming = Lord's presence through New Church established by Swedenborg
Iglesia ni Cristo
Affirms
Christ returns for final judgment; INC members will be saved; non-members lost
Message Movement (Branhamism)
Affirms
Christ's return imminent; Branham's ministry prepared the bride; rapture before tribulation
Messianic Judaism
Affirms
Yeshua returns to Jerusalem; premillennial; Zechariah 14 fulfilled
New Apostolic Church
Affirms
Christ will return to judge the living and dead; watchfulness and readiness required
African Independent (4)
Cherubim and Seraphim Church
Affirms
Jesus will literally return; premillennial expectation; urgency for evangelism and holy living
Church of Jesus Christ on Earth through the Prophet Simon Kimbangu (EJCSK)
Affirms
Christ will return; Kimbanguist community awaits final redemption
Redeemed Christian Church of God
Affirms
Literal, imminent return; premillennial; great harvest of souls before return
Zion Christian Church
Affirms
Christ will return; ZCC awaits his final victory over evil