Biblical Inerrancy
ScriptureWhether the Bible is considered inerrant (without error in all matters), infallible (without error in faith/practice), or authoritative but human.
Key scriptures: 2 Timothy 3:16-17, 2 Peter 1:20-21, John 17:17, Psalm 119:160
Catholic (5)
Eastern Catholic (Byzantine Rite)
Affirms
Scripture divinely inspired and without error in what it affirms for salvation
Maronite Catholic
Affirms
Scripture inspired and inerrant; interpreted through Tradition and the Magisterium
Old Catholic Church
Nuanced
Scripture inspired and authoritative; verbal inerrancy not required; tradition alongside
Roman Catholic
Affirms
Scripture inerrant in what it affirms; interpreted through Tradition and Magisterium
Saint Thomas Christians (Syro-Malabar Church)
Nuanced
Scripture inspired and authoritative; Tradition alongside; Dei Verbum (Vatican II); not verbal inerrancy
Orthodox (5)
Assyrian Church of the East
Affirms
Scripture divinely inspired and authoritative; interpreted within Syriac tradition and Councils
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Affirms
Scripture divinely inspired; interpreted through Tradition, Fathers, and Councils
Eastern Orthodox
Affirms
Scripture divinely inspired; interpreted within Tradition, Fathers, and seven Councils
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Affirms
Scripture divinely inspired; interpreted through Tradition, Fathers, and Councils
Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
Affirms
Scripture divinely inspired; interpreted through Tradition and three Councils
Mainline Protestant (8)
Anglican / Episcopalian
Varies
Scripture uniquely authoritative; inerrancy views range widely
Calvinist / Reformed
Affirms
Scripture fully truthful and authoritative; inerrancy typically affirmed
Congregationalist (UCC)
Varies
Scripture primary; inerrancy affirmed by conservatives, rejected by progressives
Lutheran
Varies
Sola Scriptura affirmed; inerrancy views range across Lutheran bodies
Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod
Affirms
Verbal, plenary inerrancy; Scripture is completely truthful in all matters
Methodist
Varies
Scripture uniquely authoritative; inerrancy views vary across Methodist bodies
Presbyterian
Varies
Westminster affirms full authority; inerrancy views diverge by body
Reformed Church in America
Nuanced
Infallibility affirmed firmly; verbal inerrancy debated; diverse views permitted within denomination
Evangelical (15)
Baptist (Southern Baptist Convention)
Affirms
Bible fully truthful in all it affirms; inerrant in original manuscripts
Calvary Chapel
Affirms
Scripture is inerrant in original manuscripts and fully authoritative
Christian & Missionary Alliance
Affirms
Bible is inerrant and infallible in all that it affirms; supreme authority for faith
Christian Reformed Church in North America
Affirms
Bible inerrant in all it affirms; infallible rule for faith and practice
Church of the Nazarene
Nuanced
Bible inerrantly inspired in all things essential to salvation; some internal debate
Evangelical Covenant Church
Nuanced
Scripture is authoritative and trustworthy; infallibility affirmed; verbal inerrancy optional
Evangelical Free Church of America
Affirms
Bible inerrant in original manuscripts; fully true in all it affirms
IFCA International (Independent Fundamental Churches of America)
Affirms
Verbal, plenary inerrancy of original manuscripts; cornerstone of fundamentalist faith
National Association of Free Will Baptists
Affirms
Bible inerrant in original writings; infallible rule for faith and practice
Non-denominational Evangelical
Affirms
Bible is inspired, inerrant, and fully authoritative; no errors in all it affirms
Pentecostal (Assemblies of God)
Affirms
Bible fully inspired and inerrant in original manuscripts; supreme authority
Presbyterian Church in America
Affirms
Verbal, plenary inerrancy; Chicago Statement affirmed; original autographs without error
Reformed Baptist Churches (1689 London Baptist Confession)
Affirms
Verbal, plenary inerrancy of original manuscripts; Chicago Statement affirmed
The Wesleyan Church
Affirms
Inerrancy in original writings; infallible rule of faith and practice
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod
Affirms
Verbal, plenary inerrancy; completely truthful in all matters; infallible Word of God
Charismatic (5)
Charismatic Movement
Varies
Inerrancy affirmed in evangelical streams; inspiration universal
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
Nuanced
Scripture is Word of God and authoritative; inerrancy in originals affirmed by many; no creedal formula
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
Affirms
Inerrant in original manuscripts; infallible rule of faith and practice
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
Affirms
Inerrant and infallible Word of God; authoritative for faith and practice
Vineyard Churches
Nuanced
Scripture is authoritative and trustworthy; inerrancy language used cautiously
Anabaptist (5)
Amish (Old Order)
Affirms
Scripture is divinely inspired, authoritative, and fully trustworthy
Brethren in Christ Church
Nuanced
Biblical infallibility affirmed; verbal inerrancy debated; community interpretation approach essential
Church of the Brethren
Nuanced
Scripture as authoritative guide; infallibility affirmed; verbal inerrancy not required
Hutterite Brethren
Affirms
Scripture is divinely inspired and authoritative; plain obedience is expected
Mennonite Church
Nuanced
Scripture fully authoritative; inerrancy language less common than in evangelicalism
Adventist & Restorationist (5)
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Denies
Scripture is inspired and authoritative; strict inerrancy is not taught
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
Affirms
Inerrant and inspired in original languages; central to biblical theology
Churches of Christ
Affirms
Scripture is fully inspired, authoritative, and without error
International Churches of Christ
Affirms
Scripture is fully inspired and without error in all it affirms
Seventh-day Adventist Church
Nuanced
Scripture is inspired and fully authoritative; inerrancy language used cautiously
Other Protestant (8)
Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum)
Nuanced
Scripture is fully authoritative; Zinzendorf emphasized heart-knowledge over doctrine.
Plymouth Brethren
Affirms
Scripture is fully inerrant and verbally inspired by God.
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
Varies
Evangelical affirm authority; liberal engage critically with scripture
Seventh Day Baptist General Conference
Affirms
Scripture is inspired, authoritative, and trustworthy in all matters
The Salvation Army
Affirms
Affirm Bible as authoritative and inspired Word of God
True Jesus Church
Affirms
Scripture as authoritative and inerrant Word of God; foundational to doctrine
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
Affirms
Scripture is authoritative Word of God; infallible basis for doctrine, healing claims, and prosperity teaching
Waldensian Church (Chiesa Evangelica Valdese)
Nuanced
Fully authoritative Scripture; engaged critical scholarship; not strict inerrancy
Non-Trinitarian (6)
Biblical Unitarians
Affirms
Bible is inspired and fully trustworthy; inerrancy of original Scriptures affirmed
Christadelphians
Affirms
Bible fully inspired and truthful; inerrancy of the original Scriptures affirmed
Church of God General Conference (Abrahamic Faith)
Affirms
Bible fully inspired and trustworthy; inerrant in all it teaches
Jehovah's Witnesses
Affirms
Bible is Jehovah's inspired, inerrant word; interpreted by the Governing Body
Oneness Pentecostals (UPCI)
Affirms
Bible fully inspired and without error; supreme authority in faith and practice
Unitarian Universalist
Denies
Biblical inerrancy rejected; Bible is human witness to spiritual experience, not infallible
Latter-day Saint (2)
Unique & Independent (7)
Armstrongism (Sabbatarian splinter groups)
Affirms
Bible is God's inspired and inerrant Word; foundation of all Armstrongist doctrine
Church of Christ, Scientist
Nuanced
Bible contains human errors; spiritual meaning unlocked through Science
General Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian)
Denies
Bible contains errors at literal level; inerrancy applies to inner sense
Iglesia ni Cristo
Affirms
Bible is inspired Word of God; inerrancy affirmed; INC interpretation definitive
Message Movement (Branhamism)
Affirms
Bible is God's written Word; inerrancy affirmed; Branham's words illuminate mysteries
Messianic Judaism
Affirms
Scripture is God-breathed and fully authoritative; inerrancy affirmed
New Apostolic Church
Nuanced
Scripture inspired and authoritative; living Apostles' teachings also binding
African Independent (4)
Cherubim and Seraphim Church
Affirms
Scripture is infallible Word of God; authoritative rule for faith and practice
Church of Jesus Christ on Earth through the Prophet Simon Kimbangu (EJCSK)
Affirms
The Bible is God's authoritative Word foundational to Kimbanguist faith
Redeemed Christian Church of God
Affirms
Inerrant Word of God; authoritative for faith and practice; divinely inspired
Zion Christian Church
Affirms
Bible is God's authoritative Word; foundational to ZCC faith practice