The Assyrian Church of the East affirms that the Sacred Scriptures are divinely inspired and authoritative for faith and life. Scripture is the primary written source of doctrine and is understood as free from error in its spiritual and salvific teaching. The church interprets Scripture within the living Tradition of the Church, understood through the lens of the three Ecumenical Councils (Nicaea, Constantinople, and Ephesus, though the church rejected the anti-Nestorian anathemas of Ephesus), the patristic tradition (especially the Syriac fathers), and the ancient liturgical tradition.

Biblical interpretation is carried out in the Syriac language and through the Syriac theological tradition. The church does not engage in the same debates about inerrancy as Western scholasticism; rather, it affirms Scripture's divine inspiration and authority while recognizing that interpretation requires the guidance of the living Tradition and the Church's teaching office.