Genesis 1:1-2 — "In the Beginning"
Scripture InterpretationWhether Genesis 1 describes literal 24-hour days of creation (young-earth creationism), long ages or literary framework (old-earth/day-age), or a theological rather than scientific account of origins.
Key scriptures: Genesis 1:1-2, Genesis 1:3-31, Genesis 2:1-3
Catholic (5)
Eastern Catholic (Byzantine Rite)
Affirms
God created all things; theology compatible with science
Maronite Catholic
Affirms
God created all from nothing; ex nihilo doctrine affirmed
Old Catholic Church
Nuanced
Genesis 1:1-2 as creation account; interpretation permits theistic evolution
Roman Catholic
Nuanced
Compatible with theistic evolution; 'in the beginning' does not preclude secondary causes
Saint Thomas Christians (Syro-Malabar Church)
Affirms
Creation affirmed; compatible with Eastern patristic interpretation
Orthodox (5)
Assyrian Church of the East
Affirms
God created all things from nothing; ex nihilo creation affirmed
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Affirms
God created all things; six-day creation narrative affirmed
Eastern Orthodox
Affirms
God created all things; six-day narrative spiritually interpreted
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Affirms
Creation ex nihilo; God created all things from nothing; literal six-day creation
Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
Affirms
Genesis 1:1-2 as creation account; God creates by will; theotic meaning emphasized
Mainline Protestant (8)
Anglican / Episcopalian
Affirms
God created all things; ex nihilo creation; universe has beginning
Calvinist / Reformed
Nuanced
Genesis 1:1-2 establishes God's eternal decree and creative power
Congregationalist (UCC)
Nuanced
Creation affirmed; scientific understanding compatible with faith
Lutheran
Affirms
God created all from nothing; divine sovereignty affirmed
Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod
Affirms
Creation ex nihilo; God's sovereign creative power affirmed
Methodist
Affirms
Genesis 1:1-2 affirms God as Creator; Methodists accept scientific processes
Presbyterian
Nuanced
God is Creator; allows scholarly diversity on age and mechanism
Reformed Church in America
Nuanced
God created all things; Genesis theologically true; interpretive flexibility
Evangelical (15)
Baptist (Southern Baptist Convention)
Affirms
God created all things; creation ex nihilo; Genesis account authoritative
Calvary Chapel
Nuanced
Genesis 1:1-2 literal creation account; God creates all in six days
Christian & Missionary Alliance
Nuanced
Created universe ex nihilo; compatible with old earth; days not fixed-length
Christian Reformed Church in North America
Nuanced
Creation ex nihilo affirmed; age of earth open to scientific findings
Church of the Nazarene
Affirms
God created heavens and earth; Trinitarian creation affirmed; literal beginning
Evangelical Covenant Church
Nuanced
Creation ex nihilo affirmed; openness to framework and day-age interpretations
Evangelical Free Church of America
Affirms
Creation ex nihilo affirmed; six-day literal creation widely taught in EFCA churches
IFCA International (Independent Fundamental Churches of America)
Affirms
God created all; Genesis 1 affirmed as literal creation account
National Association of Free Will Baptists
Affirms
Creation ex nihilo; God created all things from nothing; Creator-creature distinction
Non-denominational Evangelical
Affirms
Genesis 1:1-2 as creation account; God created all; hermeneutics on age varies
Pentecostal (Assemblies of God)
Affirms
God created all things; rejects evolution in favor of divine creation account
Presbyterian Church in America
Nuanced
God created all things; doctrine affirmed; allows diverse views on age of earth
Reformed Baptist Churches (1689 London Baptist Confession)
Affirms
God created all things; six-day creation; historical truthfulness
The Wesleyan Church
Affirms
God created all things; creation is good; humans are created in God's image with moral responsibility
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod
Affirms
God created all; ex nihilo creation foundational doctrine
Charismatic (5)
Charismatic Movement
Varies
Affirms God as Creator; varied on scientific details; some accept evolution
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
Affirms
God created all things; timeline flexible; emphasis on God as Creator
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
Affirms
God created the heavens and earth; literal creation account; Trinitarian creative work
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
Affirms
Creation ex nihilo; God as almighty Creator of all things from nothing
Vineyard Churches
Affirms
God created all things; creation reflects God's character; stewardship of creation affirmed
Anabaptist (5)
Amish (Old Order)
Affirms
God created all things from nothing; universe had a beginning
Brethren in Christ Church
Nuanced
Genesis 1:1-2 affirms creation ex nihilo; God's sovereignty over nature
Church of the Brethren
Affirms
God created the heavens and earth; interprets alongside modern biblical scholarship
Hutterite Brethren
Affirms
God is creator of all things; Genesis 1 affirmed as divine revelation
Mennonite Church
Nuanced
Genesis 1:1-2 God creates ex nihilo; Mennonites affirm creation without forcing science
Adventist & Restorationist (5)
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Affirms
God created all things; theology compatible with scientific understanding
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
Varies
God as Creator affirmed; varied on creation mechanisms and timeline
Churches of Christ
Nuanced
Creation by God affirmed; timeline and method open; emphasis on divine origin
International Churches of Christ
Affirms
God is creator of all things; Genesis account received as revelation
Seventh-day Adventist Church
Affirms
Six literal days creation; God rested seventh day; Sabbath memorializes
Other Protestant (8)
Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum)
Affirms
Genesis 1:1-2 affirms God's creative power and goodness of creation
Plymouth Brethren
Nuanced
God is Creator; allows scholarly diversity on age and mechanism
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
Nuanced
God is Creator; allows scholarly diversity on age and mechanism
Seventh Day Baptist General Conference
Affirms
God created the heavens and earth; affirms literal creation account
The Salvation Army
Nuanced
God is creator; Genesis theologically reliable; mechanism less crucial
True Jesus Church
Affirms
God created all things; Genesis account affirmed as literal history
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
Affirms
God created all things from nothing; six-day creation affirmed; God's absolute sovereignty over all creation
Waldensian Church (Chiesa Evangelica Valdese)
Affirms
God created all things; creation reflects God's wisdom; natural revelation of God in creation
Non-Trinitarian (6)
Biblical Unitarians
Nuanced
Genesis 1:1-2 describes creation; Spirit of God moved over the waters as preparation
Christadelphians
Varies
God as Creator affirmed; varied on creation timeline; some accept evolution, others reject
Church of God General Conference (Abrahamic Faith)
Affirms
God created all things; literal beginning; non-Trinitarian understanding of creation
Jehovah's Witnesses
Affirms
God created all things; Genesis account received as revelation
Oneness Pentecostals (UPCI)
Affirms
Genesis 1:1-2 affirmed as God's creation; God (singular) created all things
Unitarian Universalist
Varies
Scripture as ancient wisdom; compatible with science; theological not literal
Latter-day Saint (2)
Unique & Independent (7)
Armstrongism (Sabbatarian splinter groups)
Affirms
God created all things; dual creation: spiritual realm and material universe
Church of Christ, Scientist
Nuanced
Creation spiritual; matter is illusion; God creates through Mind; literal days denied
General Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian)
Nuanced
Spiritual sense: creation as emanation of divine wisdom and love
Iglesia ni Cristo
Affirms
God created all things; Genesis 1 accepted as revealed truth
Message Movement (Branhamism)
Nuanced
Creation by God's Word; Spirit moves to restore order from chaos/judgment
Messianic Judaism
Affirms
Genesis 1:1-2 God creates all things; Jewish creation theology affirmed
New Apostolic Church
Affirms
Genesis 1:1-2 affirmed as creation account; God as Creator of all ex nihilo
African Independent (4)
Cherubim and Seraphim Church
Affirms
God as Creator of all things; creation narrative affirmed; divine power over nature
Church of Jesus Christ on Earth through the Prophet Simon Kimbangu (EJCSK)
Affirms
God created all things from nothing; ex nihilo creation affirmed
Redeemed Christian Church of God
Affirms
Six-day creation; God spoke existence by divine power
Zion Christian Church
Affirms
God created all things by His word; creation reflects God's power and wisdom; humans have spiritual worth