Soul & Afterlife
EschatologyThe nature of the human soul and what happens after death — whether the soul is immortal, whether there is an intermediate state, and the ultimate destiny of humans.
Key scriptures: Ecclesiastes 9:5, Luke 23:43, 1 Thessalonians 4:13-17, Revelation 20:13-14
Catholic (5)
Eastern Catholic (Byzantine Rite)
Affirms
Immortal soul; purification, resurrection, and eternal life affirmed
Maronite Catholic
Affirms
Immortal soul; purification after death, resurrection, and eternal life affirmed
Old Catholic Church
Nuanced
Immortal soul; bodily resurrection; purgatory (some branches); intermediate state
Roman Catholic
Affirms
Immortal soul; purgatory, heaven, or hell after particular judgment
Saint Thomas Christians (Syro-Malabar Church)
Affirms
Immortal soul; resurrection; purgatory; intercession of saints; prayers for deceased
Orthodox (5)
Assyrian Church of the East
Affirms
Immortal soul, bodily resurrection, particular judgment, and intercession of saints
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Affirms
Immortal soul, particular judgment, resurrection, and eternal life affirmed
Eastern Orthodox
Affirms
Immortal soul; particular judgment; no formal purgatory; bodily resurrection
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Affirms
Immortal soul, bodily resurrection, judgment, and eternal life affirmed
Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
Affirms
Immortal soul, particular judgment, bodily resurrection affirmed
Mainline Protestant (8)
Anglican / Episcopalian
Affirms
Souls survive death; bodily resurrection and eternal life affirmed
Calvinist / Reformed
Affirms
Souls consciously survive death; resurrection at the Last Day
Congregationalist (UCC)
Nuanced
Resurrection affirmed; UCC emphasizes present transformation over afterlife detail
Lutheran
Affirms
Souls survive death; resurrection at the Last Day
Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection at last judgment
Methodist
Affirms
Souls survive death; bodily resurrection and eternal life affirmed
Presbyterian
Affirms
Souls consciously survive death; resurrection at the Last Day
Reformed Church in America
Affirms
Immortal soul; intermediate state; bodily resurrection; eternal life with God
Evangelical (15)
Baptist (Southern Baptist Convention)
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious existence after death until bodily resurrection
Calvary Chapel
Affirms
Soul survives death; believers go to be with Christ
Christian & Missionary Alliance
Affirms
Immortal soul with conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection at judgment
Christian Reformed Church in North America
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious existence after death; bodily resurrection at Last Day
Church of the Nazarene
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious existence after death; bodily resurrection awaited
Evangelical Covenant Church
Affirms
Resurrection of the body; eternal life with God; personal identity preserved
Evangelical Free Church of America
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious afterlife; bodily resurrection to eternal states
IFCA International (Independent Fundamental Churches of America)
Affirms
Immortal soul; rapture of church; resurrection of saved and lost at appointed times
National Association of Free Will Baptists
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious existence after death; bodily resurrection at Last Day
Non-denominational Evangelical
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious life after death; bodily resurrection at Christ's return
Pentecostal (Assemblies of God)
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious existence after death; bodily resurrection awaited
Presbyterian Church in America
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; general bodily resurrection at Christ return
Reformed Baptist Churches (1689 London Baptist Confession)
Affirms
Immortal soul in conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection and eternal judgment
The Wesleyan Church
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection at final judgment
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection at final judgment
Charismatic (5)
Charismatic Movement
Affirms
Soul survives death; conscious life continues into eternity
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection at Christ's return
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection at last day
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection and eternal life
Vineyard Churches
Affirms
Believers are with Christ after death; bodily resurrection awaited
Anabaptist (5)
Amish (Old Order)
Affirms
The soul lives on after death; believers await resurrection with God
Brethren in Christ Church
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection at end of age
Church of the Brethren
Affirms
Resurrection hope; immortal soul; bodily resurrection; conscious intermediate state assured
Hutterite Brethren
Affirms
The righteous rest with God after death; resurrection awaited at the last day
Mennonite Church
Affirms
Believers live with God after death; resurrection of the body awaited
Adventist & Restorationist (5)
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Varies
Afterlife affirmed by most; specific views vary widely
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
Affirms
Immortal soul affirmed; bodily resurrection literal; conscious intermediate state; eternal judgment certain
Churches of Christ
Affirms
Souls live consciously after death; the dead await resurrection
International Churches of Christ
Affirms
The soul is conscious after death; believers await resurrection with Christ
Seventh-day Adventist Church
Denies
Soul sleep: the dead rest unconsciously until the resurrection
Other Protestant (8)
Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum)
Affirms
Soul survives death; resurrection of the dead in Christ.
Plymouth Brethren
Affirms
Soul survives death in conscious intermediate state with God or separation.
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
Varies
Some affirm conscious afterlife; others remain agnostic or universalist
Seventh Day Baptist General Conference
Affirms
Immortal soul with conscious afterlife; bodily resurrection of all people
The Salvation Army
Affirms
Affirm conscious afterlife; bodily resurrection and eternal destiny
True Jesus Church
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection; prayers for deceased
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious existence after death; bodily resurrection and eternal life or punishment
Waldensian Church (Chiesa Evangelica Valdese)
Affirms
Immortal soul with conscious afterlife; bodily resurrection of all
Non-Trinitarian (6)
Biblical Unitarians
Nuanced
Many hold soul sleep; conditional immortality through resurrection, not natural
Christadelphians
Denies
No immortal soul; soul sleep at death; resurrection to immortality for the faithful
Church of God General Conference (Abrahamic Faith)
Denies
Soul sleep affirmed; no immortal soul; dead are unconscious until resurrection
Jehovah's Witnesses
Denies
Soul is not immortal; death means complete nonexistence until resurrection
Oneness Pentecostals (UPCI)
Affirms
Conscious existence after death; bodily resurrection to eternal states
Unitarian Universalist
Varies
Diverse views; no official position; members range from immortality to no afterlife
Latter-day Saint (2)
Unique & Independent (7)
Armstrongism (Sabbatarian splinter groups)
Nuanced
Soul is mortal; unconscious in death; resurrection to spirit life; annihilation for wicked
Church of Christ, Scientist
Nuanced
Death is a false belief; consciousness continues as spiritual awakening
General Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian)
Nuanced
Soul enters spiritual world immediately; heaven and hell as spiritual states
Iglesia ni Cristo
Nuanced
Soul is mortal; soul sleeps in death; resurrection on judgment day
Message Movement (Branhamism)
Nuanced
Soul sleeps until resurrection; bride raptured first, others raised in appointed times
Messianic Judaism
Affirms
Soul continues after death; resurrection of righteous; Olam Ha-Ba (World to Come)
New Apostolic Church
Nuanced
Immortal soul; departed souls receive sacraments vicariously; bodily resurrection
African Independent (4)
Cherubim and Seraphim Church
Nuanced
Immortal soul; active spiritual realm with ancestors, angels, and spirits; bodily resurrection
Church of Jesus Christ on Earth through the Prophet Simon Kimbangu (EJCSK)
Affirms
Resurrection of the dead and eternal life through Christ with Kimbangu mediation
Redeemed Christian Church of God
Affirms
Immortal soul; conscious intermediate state; bodily resurrection and eternal destiny
Zion Christian Church
Affirms
Resurrection and eternal life through Christ; ancestors respected distinctly