The UUA holds no official position on the soul or the afterlife. Because the UUA is non-creedal and encompasses members with widely varying theologies — from liberal Christians to humanists, pagans, and atheists — the full spectrum of views on post-mortem existence is represented within the fellowship. No member is required to believe in heaven, hell, reincarnation, or any specific form of afterlife.

Among UUA members who retain theistic or broadly spiritual worldviews, beliefs about the afterlife range from traditional Protestant heaven (among the more Christian-oriented), to reincarnation (among those influenced by Eastern traditions), to a diffuse return to a universal spiritual ground, to simple discontinuation of personal consciousness at death. Among humanist and atheist UUs, death is understood as the end of personal existence — there is no soul that survives it.

The UUA's Universalist heritage contributes a general spirit of hope and inclusivity about ultimate human destiny: even those UUs who believe in some form of afterlife tend not to believe in eternal damnation. The idea that any soul could be permanently lost or punished is widely regarded within UU culture as inconsistent with a loving and just ultimate reality, whatever form that reality takes.