Iglesia ni Cristo teaches that the human soul, while real, is not inherently immortal. At death, the soul falls into sleep or unconsciousness—there is no conscious existence, suffering, or joy between death and the resurrection. The dead remain in this state of dormancy until the day of judgment, when all will be raised and judged. This doctrine rejects the immortality of the soul as taught in Platonism and much traditional Christian theology.

At the final judgment, the righteous (faithful INC members) will be resurrected to eternal life with God, while the wicked will face eternal destruction or annihilation. The emphasis is on the resurrection of the body rather than the continuance of a disembodied soul. This doctrine is presented as consistent with biblical teaching (particularly in Ecclesiastes and certain Psalms) and as a rejection of pagan philosophical ideas about the soul's inherent immortality.