Atonement & Ransom

Christ's victory over death enables theosis; multiple atonement models held

Christ's sacrifice restores humanity; Eastern and Western atonement themes combined

Penal substitution and satisfaction; Christ's sacrifice renewed in Eucharist

Christ's sacrifice satisfies divine justice and merits grace for humanity

Satisfaction theory; Christ's death atones; sacrifice renewed in Eucharist

Incarnation and resurrection redeem humanity; Christ's obedience and death together effect salvation

Redemption through love and recapitulation; penal substitution critiqued

Christus Victor and recapitulation central; satisfaction theory is not primary

Christ's victory over death heals humanity; Incarnation and resurrection are salvific

Christ's Incarnation and resurrection restore humanity; Christus Victor central

Christ's death atones for sin; multiple models permitted

Definite atonement: Christ died effectively for the elect only

Christ's death for humanity affirmed; specific theory not required

Christ satisfies divine justice; substitutionary atonement affirmed

Penal substitution primary; objective atonement covering all humanity universally

Universal atonement: Christ died for all without exception

Definite atonement: Christ effectively redeemed the elect specifically

Penal substitution; satisfaction of divine justice; sufficient for all, efficient for elect

Penal substitutionary atonement; Christ bore God's wrath in place of sinners

Penal substitution primary; unlimited atonement for all humanity

Christ's death as penal substitutionary atonement; healing provided in atonement

Penal substitutionary atonement; Christ bore God's wrath; definite atonement

Substitutionary atonement; Christ's death provides universal provision for all

Christ's death as redemptive sacrifice; penal substitution, Christus Victor, moral influence

Substitutionary atonement; Christ's sacrifice reconciles sinners to God

Penal substitution; blood atonement; unlimited in offer but limited in application

Penal substitutionary atonement; Christ died for all; unlimited atonement

Substitutionary atonement; Christ's death bears sin's penalty for believers

Substitutionary atonement; Christ's death defeats sin, death, and the devil

Penal substitution; satisfaction of divine justice; limited atonement for elect

Penal substitution; definite atonement for the elect; limited to those Christ redeemed

Penal substitution and governmental theory; unlimited; Christ's suffering vicarious

Penal substitution; objective atonement; Christ's death covers all humanity universally

Christ's death brings redemption; specific theories vary by tradition

Penal substitution and moral influence; Christ reconciles all to God in offer

Penal substitution atonement; unlimited atonement; Christ died for all humanity

Penal substitution atonement offered freely; unlimited atonement; divine healing included

Penal substitution central; Christus Victor and healing in atonement emphasized

Christ's death atones for sin and reconciles humanity to God

Substitutionary atonement and Christus Victor combined; unlimited atonement for all

Christus Victor and moral influence prominent; penal substitution less emphasized

Christ's death reconciles sinners to God; the community participates in his cross

Christ's death reconciles humanity to God; multiple atonement images affirmed

Christ's death brings salvation; multiple atonement theories are discussed

Penal substitution primary; Christ died for all humanity; propitiation for our sins affirmed

Christ died as our substitute, bearing sin's penalty to reconcile us to God

Christ's death is a substitutionary sacrifice that atones for sin

Christ's cross and ongoing heavenly sanctuary ministry both constitute atonement

Blood and wounds theology alongside penal substitution and Christus Victor.

Christ's death is penal substitution; satisfies God's justice and wrath.

Evangelical affirm substitution; liberal Quakers embrace diverse models

Penal substitutionary atonement; Christ bore God's wrath for sinners

Affirm unlimited atonement; Christ died for all people

Christ's blood atones for sin; His death provides redemption and salvation

Christ's death and blood provide salvation, healing, and deliverance from curses and demonic bondage

Penal substitutionary atonement; Christ bore God's wrath for sinners

Christ's death atones for sin; substitutionary and reconciling in character

Christ's death reconciles sinners to God; not classical penal substitution

Christ's death atones for sin and provides basis for forgiveness and resurrection

Christ's ransom sacrifice is the central truth; one perfect life covers Adam's sin

Christ's death is the atoning sacrifice; substitutionary and redemptive in scope

Substitutionary atonement widely rejected; Jesus seen as moral example, not sacrifice

Christ's death and resurrection accomplish salvation for all who respond in faith

Christ's suffering in Gethsemane and death on the cross together constitute atonement

Christ's death reconciles humanity to the Father; ransom paid for sin

Atonement is not blood sacrifice; Christ demonstrates Life conquers sin

Christ overcame hells and restored order; not penal substitution

Christ's death is ransom for human sin; I Timothy 2:5-6 affirmed

Christ's shed blood atones for sins of the elect; efficacious for predestined believers

Yeshua's death fulfills Levitical sacrificial system; atonement for sin

Christ's death atones for sin; faith and sacraments apply its benefits

Christ's death provides salvation and healing; Christus Victor and penal substitution both affirmed

Christ's death atones for sin through ransom theology and liberation

Penal substitution: Christ died for all; also divine healing in atonement

Christ's death provides atonement and reconciliation with God