Sacraments & Ordinances
EcclesiologyWhich sacraments or ordinances are practiced — baptism, eucharist/communion, confession, confirmation, marriage, ordination, anointing — and their theological significance.
Key scriptures: Matthew 28:19, 1 Corinthians 11:23-26, James 5:14, John 3:5
Catholic (5)
Eastern Catholic (Byzantine Rite)
Nuanced
Seven sacraments; baptism, chrismation, Eucharist given together at initiation
Maronite Catholic
Nuanced
Seven sacraments; initiation rites administered together in Syriac tradition
Old Catholic Church
Affirms
Seven sacraments; real objective presence in Eucharist; infant baptism
Roman Catholic
Affirms
Seven sacraments instituted by Christ; operate ex opere operato
Saint Thomas Christians (Syro-Malabar Church)
Affirms
Seven sacraments; real presence in Qurbana (Eucharist); infant baptism; chrismation
Orthodox (5)
Assyrian Church of the East
Nuanced
Seven mysteries; ancient Anaphora of Addai and Mari without Words of Institution
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Nuanced
Seven sacraments; unified initiation rites; Coptic Divine Liturgy central
Eastern Orthodox
Affirms
Seven Mysteries; unified initiation; Divine Liturgy of Chrysostom central
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Nuanced
Seven sacraments; unified initiation with baptism, Chrismation, Eucharist together
Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
Nuanced
Seven sacraments; initiation rites administered together; rich liturgical traditions
Mainline Protestant (8)
Anglican / Episcopalian
Nuanced
Baptism and Eucharist primary; real presence in Supper, not transubstantiation
Calvinist / Reformed
Nuanced
Two sacraments; spiritual presence in Supper, not bodily presence
Congregationalist (UCC)
Nuanced
Two sacraments; open Communion; baptism by any mode
Lutheran
Nuanced
Two sacraments; real bodily presence in Lord's Supper affirmed
Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod
Affirms
Two sacraments: Baptism and Lord's Supper; real presence; infant baptism; closed communion
Methodist
Nuanced
Two sacraments: baptism and Lord's Supper; real presence through faith
Presbyterian
Nuanced
Two sacraments; spiritual presence in Supper; covenant baptism
Reformed Church in America
Nuanced
Two sacraments; infant baptism; spiritual presence; open communion increasingly common
Evangelical (15)
Baptist (Southern Baptist Convention)
Affirms
Two ordinances: believer's baptism by immersion, and the Lord's Supper
Calvary Chapel
Nuanced
Two ordinances: believer's baptism by immersion and Lord's Supper as memorial
Christian & Missionary Alliance
Nuanced
Two ordinances: baptism (mode not mandated) and Lord's Supper (memorial); infant dedication
Christian Reformed Church in North America
Affirms
Two sacraments: baptism (sprinkling), Lord's Supper (spiritual presence)
Church of the Nazarene
Affirms
Two sacraments: believer's baptism (mode open) and the Lord's Supper as memorial
Evangelical Covenant Church
Nuanced
Two ordinances: baptism (various practices) and Lord's Supper (open communion)
Evangelical Free Church of America
Nuanced
Two ordinances; baptismal mode and subjects debated; Lord's Supper as memorial
IFCA International (Independent Fundamental Churches of America)
Nuanced
Two ordinances: believer's baptism and Lord's Supper; mode varies; memorial view
National Association of Free Will Baptists
Affirms
Three ordinances: believer's baptism by immersion, Lord's Supper, foot washing
Non-denominational Evangelical
Varies
Typically two ordinances: baptism and Lord's Supper; symbolic understanding common
Pentecostal (Assemblies of God)
Affirms
Two ordinances: believer's baptism by immersion; Lord's Supper as memorial
Presbyterian Church in America
Nuanced
Two sacraments; baptism by sprinkling; spiritual presence in Lord's Supper; closed table
Reformed Baptist Churches (1689 London Baptist Confession)
Nuanced
Two ordinances: believer's baptism by immersion; Lord's Supper (memorial/spiritual presence)
The Wesleyan Church
Nuanced
Two ordinances: baptism (mode flexible) and Lord's Supper (memorial/spiritual presence)
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod
Affirms
Two sacraments: Baptism and Lord's Supper; real presence; infant baptism; closed communion
Charismatic (5)
Charismatic Movement
Varies
Full sacramental theology in Catholic streams; ordinances in Protestant
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
Nuanced
Two/three ordinances: baptism, Lord's Supper, foot-washing in some; mode varies
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
Nuanced
Three ordinances: water baptism, communion, foot washing; symbolic, not salvific
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
Nuanced
Two ordinances: water baptism and communion; symbolic, not means of grace
Vineyard Churches
Nuanced
Baptism and communion as ordinances; healing prayer as central practice
Anabaptist (5)
Amish (Old Order)
Nuanced
Believer's baptism, Lord's Supper twice yearly, and foot washing practiced
Brethren in Christ Church
Nuanced
Three ordinances: believer's baptism (trine immersion), Lord's Supper, anointing for healing
Church of the Brethren
Affirms
Three ordinances: Love Feast (foot washing, meal, communion), baptism (trine), anointing
Hutterite Brethren
Nuanced
Adult baptism by pouring; Lord's Supper observed; foot washing practiced
Mennonite Church
Nuanced
Believer's baptism and Lord's Supper as ordinances of the gathered church
Adventist & Restorationist (5)
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Nuanced
Weekly Lord's Supper and baptism by immersion; open table for all
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
Nuanced
Two ordinances: immersion baptism (for remission) and weekly Lord's Supper
Churches of Christ
Nuanced
Baptism by immersion for remission of sins; weekly Lord's Supper
International Churches of Christ
Nuanced
Baptism by immersion for remission of sins; weekly Lord's Supper
Seventh-day Adventist Church
Nuanced
Baptism by immersion, Lord's Supper quarterly, and foot washing
Other Protestant (8)
Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum)
Nuanced
Baptism and Eucharist are sacraments; Lovefeast distinctive non-sacramental service.
Plymouth Brethren
Nuanced
Breaking of bread weekly is central; believer's baptism by immersion; no clergy required.
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
Denies
No water baptism or communion; whole life is sacramental
Seventh Day Baptist General Conference
Nuanced
Believer's baptism by immersion; Lord's Supper as memorial observance
The Salvation Army
Denies
Deny water baptism and Lord's Supper as sacraments
True Jesus Church
Nuanced
Five sacraments: baptism, communion, foot washing, Spirit baptism (tongues), Sabbath
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
Nuanced
Two ordinances: baptism by immersion and Lord's Supper; blessed oil, salt, water in spiritual warfare
Waldensian Church (Chiesa Evangelica Valdese)
Nuanced
Two sacraments: baptism (infant and adult) and Lord's Supper as memorial
Non-Trinitarian (6)
Biblical Unitarians
Nuanced
Believer's baptism by immersion practiced; Lord's Supper as memorial; no sacramentalism
Christadelphians
Nuanced
Baptism by immersion required; weekly breaking of bread central to worship
Church of God General Conference (Abrahamic Faith)
Nuanced
Believer's baptism by immersion; weekly or regular breaking of bread as memorial
Jehovah's Witnesses
Nuanced
No sacraments; Memorial of Christ's Death observed once yearly; baptism by immersion
Oneness Pentecostals (UPCI)
Nuanced
Baptism in Jesus' name only required for salvation; Lord's Supper as memorial
Unitarian Universalist
Varies
No required sacraments; practices vary; communion and dedication used by some
Latter-day Saint (2)
Unique & Independent (7)
Armstrongism (Sabbatarian splinter groups)
Nuanced
Passover observed once yearly as Lord's Supper; foot washing; Days of Unleavened Bread
Church of Christ, Scientist
Denies
No outward sacraments; baptism and communion are purely spiritual
General Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian)
Affirms
Baptism and Holy Supper observed; outward rites correspond to spiritual
Iglesia ni Cristo
Nuanced
Baptism by immersion required for salvation; Lord's Supper with leavened bread
Message Movement (Branhamism)
Nuanced
Baptism in Jesus' name only; Lord's Supper practiced; foot washing sometimes included
Messianic Judaism
Nuanced
Mikveh (immersion) for believers; Passover seder as Lord's Supper; Jewish forms
New Apostolic Church
Nuanced
Three sacraments: Baptism, Holy Sealing (by Apostle), Holy Communion; sacraments for departed
African Independent (4)
Cherubim and Seraphim Church
Nuanced
Baptism, communion, anointing; holy water and blessed sand in spiritual practices; contextual African expressions
Church of Jesus Christ on Earth through the Prophet Simon Kimbangu (EJCSK)
Nuanced
Baptism by immersion; distinctive Kimbanguist spiritual rites practiced
Redeemed Christian Church of God
Nuanced
Two ordinances: baptism by immersion and Holy Communion; anointing for healing also
Zion Christian Church
Nuanced
Baptism by triple immersion; holy water and blessed garments healing