Waldensians practice two sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper, following the classical Reformed tradition. Baptism is administered to both infants and believers (depending on congregational practice and parental profession of faith). Baptism is understood as a sign and seal of God's covenant grace, incorporating the baptized into the church and signifying entry into the covenant community.

The Lord's Supper is celebrated regularly and is understood as a memorial of Christ's death, a spiritual presence (though not a literal transubstantiation), and a means of grace through which believers are spiritually nourished by faith. The Waldensian Confession articulates this nuanced position: the Supper is not merely a symbol, but neither does it involve a carnal presence or transubstantiation. Rather, Christ is spiritually present to the faith of believers.

Both sacraments are means of grace that require faith to be effective. They are not understood as mechanical or salvific in themselves. The Waldensian tradition maintains that the sacraments are rightly administered and received when accompanied by faith in Christ and obedience to God's Word.