Swedenborgianism affirms two sacraments: Baptism and the Holy Supper. These are not merely symbolic but have genuine spiritual efficacy. The outward physical rites correspond to and effect inward spiritual realities. Baptism initiates the individual into the Christian church and signifies regeneration, while the Holy Supper effects spiritual communion and nourishment.

Swedenborg taught the doctrine of correspondence: physical elements and actions naturally correspond to and convey spiritual realities. In the Supper, the Lord is spiritually present through correspondential reality; the bread and wine correspond to the Lord's divine love and divine wisdom respectively. The sacraments are efficacious through faith and the operation of divine grace.