The CRCNA affirms two sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper. The Belgic Confession (Articles 33–35) and Heidelberg Catechism (Q&A 66–81) define sacraments as visible signs and seals of the covenant of grace. These are not mere symbols but means through which God seals his promises to believers. However, the CRCNA rejects the Roman Catholic view that sacraments automatically convey grace (ex opere operato). Instead, grace is conveyed to those who believe and receive the sacraments in faith.

Baptism is administered to believers and their children (infants), signifying the washing away of sins and the ingrafting into Christ's church. The CRCNA practices sprinkling or pouring (aspersion) rather than immersion, viewing baptism as a sign of cleansing and covenant membership rather than as a symbolic drowning and resurrection. Baptism is not necessary for salvation but is an appointed means of grace and a sign of God's covenant with his people.

The Lord's Supper is a memorial of Christ's death and a spiritual participation in his body and blood. The CRCNA holds to a 'spiritual presence' view: Christ is truly present in the supper, not physically (as in transubstantiation) nor merely symbolically, but spiritually. Believers feed upon Christ through faith and receive strengthening of faith and assurance. Communion is open to baptized believers in good standing who have made a credible profession of faith. The elements are bread and wine, and the supper is practiced as a sign of unity in the covenant community.