Original Sin
SoteriologyWhether all humans inherit a sinful nature or guilt from Adam's fall, and how this affects the human condition and need for salvation.
Key scriptures: Romans 5:12-19, Psalm 51:5, Ezekiel 18:20, 1 Corinthians 15:22
Catholic (5)
Eastern Catholic (Byzantine Rite)
Nuanced
Ancestral sin: inherited mortality and corruption, not inherited guilt
Maronite Catholic
Affirms
Original sin affirmed; humanity inherits guilt and corruption from Adam's fall
Old Catholic Church
Affirms
Inherited sin and guilt; baptismal regeneration; classic Catholic anthropology
Roman Catholic
Affirms
Original sin: inherited guilt and deprivation removed by baptism
Saint Thomas Christians (Syro-Malabar Church)
Affirms
Inherited guilt through Adam; baptism wipes original sin; Council of Trent doctrine
Orthodox (5)
Assyrian Church of the East
Nuanced
Ancestral sin brings mortality and weakness; not personal guilt transmitted to descendants
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Nuanced
Ancestral sin: inherited mortality and weakness, not personal guilt from Adam
Eastern Orthodox
Nuanced
Ancestral sin: inherited mortality and corruption, not Adam's personal guilt
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Nuanced
Ancestral sin: inherited mortality and corruption, not Adam's personal guilt
Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
Nuanced
Ancestral sin: mortality and corruption inherited, but not Adam's personal guilt
Mainline Protestant (8)
Anglican / Episcopalian
Affirms
Original sin inherited from Adam; concupiscence affirmed
Calvinist / Reformed
Affirms
Total depravity inherited from Adam; human will enslaved to sin
Congregationalist (UCC)
Nuanced
Fallen human condition acknowledged; strict Calvinist formulation not required
Lutheran
Affirms
Original sin inherited; total depravity before God affirmed
Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod
Affirms
Total depravity; inherited guilt and corruption; infants born in sin and guilt
Methodist
Affirms
Original sin inherited; prevenient grace counters it for all people
Presbyterian
Affirms
Total depravity inherited; Adam's guilt and corruption imputed to all
Reformed Church in America
Affirms
Adam as federal head; total depravity; inherited guilt and corruption; Canons teaching
Evangelical (15)
Baptist (Southern Baptist Convention)
Affirms
Adam's sin brought universal guilt and depravity; all humans are fallen sinners
Calvary Chapel
Affirms
Humanity inherited a fallen sin nature through Adam's transgression
Christian & Missionary Alliance
Affirms
All humans inherit sinful nature; require sanctification beyond justification
Christian Reformed Church in North America
Affirms
Total depravity; inherited guilt and corruption; human will bound by sin
Church of the Nazarene
Affirms
Inherited sin nature makes all people prone to evil and estranged from God
Evangelical Covenant Church
Affirms
Human sinfulness; inherited sinful nature; need for regeneration through Christ
Evangelical Free Church of America
Affirms
Adam's sin brought corruption and guilt to all humanity; universal sinfulness
IFCA International (Independent Fundamental Churches of America)
Affirms
Total depravity; humans born in sin; need for regeneration and conversion
National Association of Free Will Baptists
Affirms
Inherited sinful nature; inherited guilt debated; prevenient grace restores ability
Non-denominational Evangelical
Affirms
All humans are fallen, sinful, and in need of redemption through Christ
Pentecostal (Assemblies of God)
Affirms
Adam's fall corrupted all humanity; all are sinners needing redemption
Presbyterian Church in America
Affirms
Federal headship; total depravity; inherited guilt and corruption; radical fallenness
Reformed Baptist Churches (1689 London Baptist Confession)
Affirms
Total depravity; inherited guilt and corruption through Adam; bondage of will
The Wesleyan Church
Affirms
Inherited depravity from Adam; inbred sin; cleansed through entire sanctification
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod
Affirms
Total depravity; inherited guilt from Adam; infants born in sin and corruption
Charismatic (5)
Charismatic Movement
Affirms
Human sinfulness and need for redemption are universally affirmed
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
Affirms
Inherited sinful tendency; not inherited guilt; entire sanctification cleanses nature
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
Affirms
Human sinful nature inherited; total depravity qualified by prevenient grace
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel
Affirms
Inherited sinful nature; free will restored by prevenient grace for response
Vineyard Churches
Affirms
Humanity is fallen and spiritually dead; all need redemption in Christ
Anabaptist (5)
Amish (Old Order)
Affirms
Humanity is fallen and prone to sin; grace and community are needed
Brethren in Christ Church
Affirms
All humanity inherits sinful nature; grace enables response; Wesleyan understanding
Church of the Brethren
Nuanced
Sinful tendency inherited; community calls to repentance; less juridical than Reformed
Hutterite Brethren
Affirms
Humanity is fallen; grace and communal support are needed for faithful life
Mennonite Church
Affirms
All humans are fallen and prone to sin; grace and transformation are needed
Adventist & Restorationist (5)
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Varies
Human sinfulness affirmed; Augustinian original sin not universally taught
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
Affirms
Inherited sinful nature universally; not direct inherited guilt; Arminian anthropology maintained
Churches of Christ
Nuanced
Sin nature inherited; personal guilt only for one's own sins
International Churches of Christ
Nuanced
Sin nature inherited; infants innocent; guilt comes from personal sin
Seventh-day Adventist Church
Affirms
Humanity is fallen; all inherit a sinful nature but not Adam's guilt
Other Protestant (8)
Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum)
Affirms
All humans inherit fallen nature; need divine regeneration.
Plymouth Brethren
Affirms
All humans inherit fallen nature from Adam; born spiritually dead.
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
Nuanced
Affirm sinfulness and fallen nature; Inner Light overcomes it
Seventh Day Baptist General Conference
Affirms
Humanity fallen into sin; all inherit sinful nature from Adam
The Salvation Army
Affirms
Affirm original sin; humanity fallen and depraved
True Jesus Church
Affirms
Humanity fallen through Adam; regeneration through baptism and Spirit required
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
Affirms
Humanity fallen through Adam; all inherit sinful nature; demonic oppression exploits sinfulness
Waldensian Church (Chiesa Evangelica Valdese)
Affirms
Humanity fallen into sin; all inherit sinful nature from Adam
Non-Trinitarian (6)
Biblical Unitarians
Nuanced
Adam's sin brought mortality; inherited guilt broadly rejected; all sin personally
Christadelphians
Denies
No inherited guilt from Adam; Adam's sin brought mortality, not legal condemnation
Church of God General Conference (Abrahamic Faith)
Nuanced
Adam's sin brought mortality and tendency to sin; inherited guilt broadly rejected
Jehovah's Witnesses
Nuanced
Adam's sin brought inherited death and imperfection; Christ's ransom is the remedy
Oneness Pentecostals (UPCI)
Affirms
Adam's fall corrupted human nature; all people are sinners in need of the new birth
Unitarian Universalist
Denies
Original sin rejected; humans are inherently dignified and capable of good
Latter-day Saint (2)
Unique & Independent (7)
Armstrongism (Sabbatarian splinter groups)
Nuanced
Human nature is carnal and hostile to God; not Augustinian original guilt; individual responsibility
Church of Christ, Scientist
Denies
Original sin is not real; evil is an error of mortal mind
General Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian)
Nuanced
Hereditary evil inclination; not Augustine's guilt; overcome by regeneration
Iglesia ni Cristo
Nuanced
Humanity inherits sinfulness from Adam; need for redemption through Christ
Message Movement (Branhamism)
Nuanced
Serpent seed doctrine: Cain was offspring of Eve and Serpent; original sin tied to this
Messianic Judaism
Affirms
Yetzer hara (evil inclination) in all humanity; need for Messiah redemption
New Apostolic Church
Affirms
Humanity fallen through Adam; baptism and sealing needed for regeneration
African Independent (4)
Cherubim and Seraphim Church
Affirms
Humanity fallen through Adam; all persons inherit sinful nature; new birth and holiness required
Church of Jesus Christ on Earth through the Prophet Simon Kimbangu (EJCSK)
Affirms
Humanity is in need of redemption; Kimbangu brings Spirit's healing ministry
Redeemed Christian Church of God
Affirms
All humanity fallen; original sin necessitates new birth; Spirit regeneration
Zion Christian Church
Affirms
Humanity needs redemption from sin; Jesus provides healing liberation