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Christadelphians

Non-TrinitarianFounded: 1848, founded by John Thomas in the United States and United Kingdom~50K adherents

The Christadelphians are a non-Trinitarian Christian movement founded by physician John Thomas, who rejected mainstream Christian creeds in favor of what he regarded as a return to first-century biblical teaching. They hold that God is one person — the Father alone — and that Jesus Christ is the Son of God born of Mary, with no pre-existent divine identity. Christadelphians also affirm conditional immortality (soul sleep) and expect a literal, earthly kingdom of God centered in a restored Israel at Christ's return. They are organized in autonomous local ecclesias with no ordained clergy.

Affirms10·Denies15·Nuanced11·Varies3

Theology

Christology

Soteriology

Eschatology

Ecclesiology

Scripture

Scripture Interpretation

John 1:1 — "The Word Was God"

Denies

Rejects Logos as pre-existent divine person; Christ as exalted human Son of God

Isaiah 7:14 — "Virgin or Young Woman"

Nuanced

Virgin birth affirmed but not stressed; 'almah' can mean young woman; miraculous conception

Matthew 16:18 — "Upon This Rock"

Denies

Rejects papal/ecclesiastical authority reading; Christ is the rock; no apostolic succession

Romans 9:18-21 — "God's Sovereign Choice"

Affirms

God's sovereign power in election; Israel's rejection and calling; divine prerogative

James 2:24 — "Justified by Works"

Affirms

Works essential to faith; Abraham's faith demonstrated by obedience and works

Matthew 28:19 — "Baptize in the Name"

Affirms

Baptism into Trinity affirmed; immersion in water required; apostolic practice foundation

Hebrews 1:8 — "Your Throne, O God"

Denies

Rejects application to Son's pre-existence; sees address or exaltation of the Son

Revelation 20:1-6 — "The Thousand Years"

Nuanced

Millennial kingdom expected; literal or symbolic interpretation varies; Christ's return literal

Genesis 1:1-2 — "In the Beginning"

Varies

God as Creator affirmed; varied on creation timeline; some accept evolution, others reject

Mark 16:9-20 — "The Longer Ending"

Varies

Textual status acknowledged; authority varies; signs and wonders normative in some groups

John 7:53–8:11 — "The Woman Caught in Adultery"

Varies

Textual status acknowledged; narrative valued for Jesus' mercy; limited doctrinal weight

1 John 5:7-8 — "The Comma Johanneum"

Denies

Comma Johanneum rejected as non-original; not cited for Trinitarian doctrine

Deuterocanonical Books — "Tobit, Wisdom, Sirach, Maccabees"

Denies

Deuterocanonical books not canonical; Apocrypha rejected; Hebrew Bible canon only

Shepherd of Hermas — "Early Christian Text"

Denies

Not canonical; patristic literature valued for history but not Scripture

Ethics & Practice