Christadelphians
The Christadelphians are a non-Trinitarian Christian movement founded by physician John Thomas, who rejected mainstream Christian creeds in favor of what he regarded as a return to first-century biblical teaching. They hold that God is one person — the Father alone — and that Jesus Christ is the Son of God born of Mary, with no pre-existent divine identity. Christadelphians also affirm conditional immortality (soul sleep) and expect a literal, earthly kingdom of God centered in a restored Israel at Christ's return. They are organized in autonomous local ecclesias with no ordained clergy.
Theology
Christology
Soteriology
Salvation
Nuanced
Salvation by faith and baptism by immersion; moral obedience is required
Atonement & Ransom
Nuanced
Christ's death reconciles sinners to God; not classical penal substitution
Predestination
Nuanced
God foreknew and purposed salvation through Christ; human free will is genuine
Original Sin
Denies
No inherited guilt from Adam; Adam's sin brought mortality, not legal condemnation
Eschatology
Soul & Afterlife
Denies
No immortal soul; soul sleep at death; resurrection to immortality for the faithful
Hell
Denies
No eternal conscious punishment; unfaithful are destroyed, not tormented forever
Heaven
Nuanced
Faithful receive immortality on earth in Christ's kingdom; not heaven above
Second Coming
Affirms
Christ returns bodily to Jerusalem; raises the responsible dead and judges them
Millennium
Affirms
Literal earthly reign of Christ centered in Jerusalem; saints rule with him
Ecclesiology
Scripture
Biblical Canon
Affirms
66-book Protestant canon; Bible alone is the supreme authority for faith
Biblical Inerrancy
Affirms
Bible fully inspired and truthful; inerrancy of the original Scriptures affirmed
Extra-biblical Revelation
Denies
Scripture is complete; no ongoing prophecy or extra-biblical revelation accepted
Scripture Interpretation
John 1:1 — "The Word Was God"
Denies
Rejects Logos as pre-existent divine person; Christ as exalted human Son of God
Isaiah 7:14 — "Virgin or Young Woman"
Nuanced
Virgin birth affirmed but not stressed; 'almah' can mean young woman; miraculous conception
Matthew 16:18 — "Upon This Rock"
Denies
Rejects papal/ecclesiastical authority reading; Christ is the rock; no apostolic succession
Romans 9:18-21 — "God's Sovereign Choice"
Affirms
God's sovereign power in election; Israel's rejection and calling; divine prerogative
James 2:24 — "Justified by Works"
Affirms
Works essential to faith; Abraham's faith demonstrated by obedience and works
Matthew 28:19 — "Baptize in the Name"
Affirms
Baptism into Trinity affirmed; immersion in water required; apostolic practice foundation
Hebrews 1:8 — "Your Throne, O God"
Denies
Rejects application to Son's pre-existence; sees address or exaltation of the Son
Revelation 20:1-6 — "The Thousand Years"
Nuanced
Millennial kingdom expected; literal or symbolic interpretation varies; Christ's return literal
Genesis 1:1-2 — "In the Beginning"
Varies
God as Creator affirmed; varied on creation timeline; some accept evolution, others reject
Mark 16:9-20 — "The Longer Ending"
Varies
Textual status acknowledged; authority varies; signs and wonders normative in some groups
John 7:53–8:11 — "The Woman Caught in Adultery"
Varies
Textual status acknowledged; narrative valued for Jesus' mercy; limited doctrinal weight
1 John 5:7-8 — "The Comma Johanneum"
Denies
Comma Johanneum rejected as non-original; not cited for Trinitarian doctrine
Deuterocanonical Books — "Tobit, Wisdom, Sirach, Maccabees"
Denies
Deuterocanonical books not canonical; Apocrypha rejected; Hebrew Bible canon only
Shepherd of Hermas — "Early Christian Text"
Denies
Not canonical; patristic literature valued for history but not Scripture
Ethics & Practice
Sabbath
Nuanced
Sunday gathering for breaking of bread; Mosaic Sabbath not imposed on Christians
Blood Transfusions
Affirms
No official prohibition; blood transfusions are permitted for medical care
Military Service
Denies
Pacifist; conscientious objectors; military service refused on biblical grounds
Holidays
Nuanced
Christmas and Easter largely avoided; weekly breaking of bread is the focus