Calvary Chapel
Calvary Chapel is an evangelical Christian movement founded by Pastor Chuck Smith in Costa Mesa, California in 1965. It became a major force in the Jesus Movement of the early 1970s, emphasizing verse-by-verse expository Bible teaching and a welcoming atmosphere for seekers. Calvary Chapel occupies a deliberate middle ground between strict Calvinism and Arminianism, and affirms continuationist spiritual gifts while rejecting the doctrine that tongues are the required initial evidence of Spirit baptism.
Theology
Christology
Soteriology
Salvation
Nuanced
Grace through faith; unlimited atonement; not strict Calvinist
Atonement & Ransom
Nuanced
Penal substitution primary; unlimited atonement for all humanity
Predestination
Nuanced
Rejects Calvinist election; God foreknew those who freely choose him
Original Sin
Affirms
Humanity inherited a fallen sin nature through Adam's transgression
Eschatology
Soul & Afterlife
Affirms
Soul survives death; believers go to be with Christ
Hell
Affirms
Hell is a real place of eternal conscious separation from God
Heaven
Affirms
Heaven is a real eternal dwelling with God for the redeemed
Second Coming
Affirms
Jesus will literally, visibly, and bodily return to earth
Millennium
Affirms
Premillennial; pre-tribulation rapture followed by literal 1,000-year reign
Ecclesiology
Scripture
Scripture Interpretation
John 1:1 — "The Word Was God"
Affirms
John plainly states the Word is God—literal reading affirms Christ's deity
Isaiah 7:14 — "Virgin or Young Woman"
Affirms
Isaiah 7:14 plainly foretells virgin birth; Jesus is the fulfillment
Matthew 16:18 — "Upon This Rock"
Nuanced
Jesus plays on Peter's name; rock/keys refer to pastoral authority
Romans 9:18-21 — "God's Sovereign Choice"
Varies
God is sovereign; all are responsible; plain reading of Paul's argument
James 2:24 — "Justified by Works"
Nuanced
Faith alone saves; works prove faith exists; James supports Paul's teaching
Matthew 28:19 — "Baptize in the Name"
Affirms
Great Commission directs baptism of believers in Trinitarian name
Hebrews 1:8 — "Your Throne, O God"
Affirms
Psalm 45 applied to Christ; plain affirmation of Christ's divinity
Revelation 20:1-6 — "The Thousand Years"
Varies
Premillennial; thousand-year kingdom after Christ's return
Genesis 1:1-2 — "In the Beginning"
Nuanced
Genesis 1:1-2 literal creation account; God creates all in six days
Mark 16:9-20 — "The Longer Ending"
Nuanced
Longer Ending canonical; affirms resurrection signs and missionary mandate
John 7:53–8:11 — "The Woman Caught in Adultery"
Nuanced
Story taught as Scripture; demonstrates Christ's mercy and authority
1 John 5:7-8 — "The Comma Johanneum"
Denies
Comma Johanneum affirmed as Scripture; supports Trinitarian doctrine
Deuterocanonical Books — "Tobit, Wisdom, Sirach, Maccabees"
Denies
Deuterocanonical books excluded from Scripture; Protestant canon affirmed
Shepherd of Hermas — "Early Christian Text"
Denies
Shepherd of Hermas ancient text; valued historically, not authoritative
Ethics & Practice
Sabbath
Nuanced
Sunday worship as Lord's Day; Saturday Sabbath not required for Christians
Blood Transfusions
Affirms
No prohibition; medical care including transfusions is acceptable
Military Service
Affirms
Military service is honorable; no official prohibition
Holidays
Affirms
Christmas and Easter celebrated as commemorations of Christ's life