The Syro-Malabar Church does not teach Sabbatarian theology; it does not require the observance of Saturday as a sacred day. Rather, the church observes Sunday (the Lord's Day) as the primary day of worship and the celebration of the Eucharist. This follows the Catholic and ancient Christian tradition, based on the understanding that Christ rose on the first day of the week and that Sunday commemorates this resurrection.

The Chaldean liturgical tradition centers on Sunday worship and the celebration of the Holy Qurbana (Eucharist) on Sundays and feast days. The church year is organized according to a liturgical calendar that includes the celebration of the great Christian festivals (Christmas, Easter, Pentecost) and the veneration of the saints.

While the church respects the Old Testament Sabbath as a sign of God's covenant with Israel, it understands that in the Christian dispensation, this sign has been fulfilled in Christ and his resurrection. Christians are not bound to Sabbath observance; rather, they gather on Sunday to celebrate Christ's victory over sin and death. This reflects the ancient understanding of the early church, which observed Sunday as the Christian Sabbath, the day of the Lord's resurrection.