Non-denominational evangelical churches are deeply divided on Romans 9:18-21. Some embrace Calvinist interpretation: God's sovereign choice determines salvation. Others hold Arminian interpretation: God foreknows but does not predetermine, and human free will response is essential.

This is arguably the most theologically divisive issue within non-denominational evangelicalism. Both positions claim Scripture authority, and both are represented across influential evangelical leaders. The movement allows diverse views.