Messianic Judaism teaches that salvation comes through faith in Yeshua the Messiah and Lord. Drawing from evangelical Christian theology, believers are justified by grace through faith alone in Christ's person and work, not through works of the Law. Torah observance is affirmed as an expression of covenantal identity and gratitude, not as a condition for salvation or righteousness. The death and resurrection of Yeshua is the ultimate fulfillment of the sacrificial system and the means by which God reconciles sinners to himself.

Conceptions of election vary among Messianic congregations and organizations. Some bodies (particularly those influenced by Calvinist theology) affirm unconditional election and perseverance of the saints, while others hold to Arminian prevenient grace and the possibility of apostasy. Baptism by immersion (mikveh) is practiced universally as a covenantal sign of faith in Yeshua, but is not understood as regenerating in itself. Eternal security is likewise debated: Calvinist-oriented congregations affirm the perseverance of the elect, while Arminian congregations teach that salvation can be forfeited through unfaithfulness.