Messianic Judaism does not hold a unified position on military service. In Israel, Messianic Jews typically serve in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) as a matter of citizenship and national duty. They are understood as defending their people and homeland, consistent with Jewish legal tradition (pikuach nefesh and national self-defense). In the diaspora, Messianic believers are free to serve or refrain from military service based on their conscience, citizenship obligations, and theological convictions.

Some Messianic communities, influenced by Anabaptist or pacifist traditions, teach non-resistance and discourage military participation. Others affirm the legitimacy of defensive warfare and national service. This variation reflects the diversity of theological influences and the movement's openness to conscientious conviction. The emphasis is on obeying civil authorities while maintaining integrity in faith and practice.