The Church of God (Anderson) holds to a conditional understanding of predestination grounded in God's foreknowledge. God does not arbitrarily predestine individuals to salvation or damnation but rather foreknows and elects those who will respond to His grace through faith in Christ. God's election is based on His omniscient knowledge of who will believe, not on a sovereign, arbitrary decree that determines belief.

Central to Church of God theology is the affirmation of universal prevenient grace: God provides grace sufficient for the salvation of all people. This grace does not force belief but enables the human will to respond freely to God's call. Thus, no person lacks the ability to believe due to the fall; grace has restored the capacity for choice. Those who are lost are lost not because God refused them grace but because they rejected God's gracious offer. The church rejects double predestination (the idea that God predestines some to damnation) as incompatible with God's love and justice.