The Brethren in Christ reject the Roman Catholic and Orthodox doctrine of a ministerial priesthood distinct from the laity. All believers are priests—a fundamental Reformation principle that the Brethren in Christ affirm. All Christians have direct access to God through Christ; no priestly intermediary is necessary.

Pastoral leadership is affirmed as a necessary function within the congregation. Pastors are called, set apart, and ordained to shepherd God's people, administer the sacraments/ordinances, and teach Scripture. However, pastors are not priests in the sacramental sense; they do not mediate salvation or perform sacrifices.

Regarding women in ministry, the denomination is in transition. Historically, pastoral ministry was restricted to men. Increasingly, congregations and church leaders affirm that women are called to pastoral ministry and should be ordained. This has become a topic of ongoing conversation and discernment rather than a settled doctrine. Some congregations ordain women; others have not yet done so.