Southern Baptist theology reflects diverse views on Romans 9:18-21 and election. The BFM2000 affirms that God has 'chosen those who are the objects of His grace for salvation' but explicitly rejects double predestination. However, the Convention includes both Calvinist Baptists (who affirm unconditional election) and Arminian Baptists (who affirm conditional election based on God's foreknowledge).

Baptist congregational polity allows for theological diversity on this point. The shared conviction is that God's sovereignty and human free will both obtain, though Baptist theologians disagree on how to systematize their relationship.