Affirms one God in three co-equal persons with Filioque
The Maronite Church fully affirms the doctrine of the Holy Trinity: one God in three co-equal, co-eternal persons—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This is expressed in every celebration of the Maronite Divine Liturgy (Quddas) and in the profession of the Nicene Creed. Due to centuries of close contact with the Latin Church, Maronite liturgical practice generally includes the Filioque ('and from the Son') addition in the Creed, distinguishing it from most other Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholics.
The Maronite theological tradition draws on both Antiochene (West Syriac) patristic sources and, due to historical Latinization, also on Latin scholastic theology. The church's adherence to Trinitarian orthodoxy was affirmed through its communion with Rome and its acceptance of all seven Ecumenical Councils. The ancient Syriac-language liturgy addresses the Trinity in forms derived from Antiochene tradition, giving Maronite Trinitarian prayer a distinctive flavor.
Key Distinctions
- Persons ontology:
- three coequal persons, one divine substance (homoousios)
- Spirit procession:
- from Father and Son (filioque)
- Creed stance:
- Niceno-Constantinopolitan with filioque; Syriac liturgical tradition
Scripture References
Sources
- Synod of Mount Lebanon (1736)
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, §§232–267
- Council of Nicaea I (325)
- Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEO, 1990)