Matthew 16:18 — "Upon This Rock"

Whether 'this rock' in Jesus's declaration to Peter refers to Peter himself, to Peter's confession of faith, or to Christ, and the implications for church authority and papal primacy.

Overall consensus76/100

Saint Thomas Christians (Syro-Malabar Church)

Saint Thomas Christians (Syro-Malabar Church)

Catholic

Nuanced

Peter as foundational; episcopal structure honored; not papal supremacy

Thomas Christians interpret Matthew 16:18 to affirm Peter's foundational apostolic role while maintaining an episcopal structure of church governance. The Thomas Christians recognize a succession of bishops (not popes) but reject any notion of papal primacy or universal jurisdiction.

Key Distinctions

Rock referent:
Peter role:
foundational apostle
Papal primacy:
rejected

Scripture References

Sources

  • Thomas Christian tradition
  • Apostolic succession in Eastern Christianity