Isaiah 7:14 — "Virgin or Young Woman"

Whether the Hebrew word 'almah' in Isaiah 7:14 should be translated as 'virgin' (as in the Septuagint and Matthew 1:23) or 'young woman,' and the implications for the doctrine of the virgin birth.

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Overall consensus83/100

Eastern Catholic (Byzantine Rite)

Eastern Catholic (Byzantine Rite)

Catholic

Affirms

Isaiah 7:14 affirmed as prophecy of virgin birth in Eastern patristic tradition

Eastern Catholic Churches affirm Isaiah 7:14 as a messianic prophecy of the virgin birth of Christ. Following the patristic tradition, particularly Eastern Fathers' interpretation, Isaiah 7:14 is understood as a direct prophecy of Mary's virginity. The Septuagint's parthenos ('virgin') is normative in Eastern patristic exegesis and authoritatively used in Eastern Catholic liturgical readings. The Eastern Catholic celebration of the Theotokos (Mother of God) and perpetual virginity of Mary are grounded in this prophetic foundation. Eastern Catholic Marian theology affirms Mary's perpetual virginity as essential to proper understanding of the Incarnation and the person of Christ.

Key Distinctions

Almah translation:
Prophecy fulfillment:
Isaiah 7:14 directly prophesies virgin birth
Marian doctrine:
Mary's perpetual virginity affirmed

Scripture References

  • Isaiah 7:14 (LXX)

Sources

  • St. John of Damascus, Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith
  • Eastern patristic tradition
  • Eastern Catholic liturgical theology