Congregational with Annual Conference discernment; Scripture and tradition; women fully ordained
The Church of the Brethren practice congregational polity with denominational structure provided by Annual Conference. Authority is not vested in bishops or a central hierarchy but in the gathered congregation and the Annual Conference (representative body of delegates from all congregations).
The Annual Conference functions as a discerning body that addresses theological, ethical, and practical questions. Decisions are made through consensus-seeking (trying to reach unity rather than mere majority vote). Scripture is the primary source of authority, but the church interprets Scripture in light of tradition (Anabaptist heritage), reason, and experience.
Since 1958, the Church of the Brethren has affirmed the full ordination of women to all levels of ministry. This represents the denomination's commitment to the priesthood of all believers and to gender equality. The denomination continues to grapple with justice and inclusion issues.
Key Distinctions
- Governance model:
- congregational with Annual Conference discernment; democratic
- Apostolic succession:
- rejected — authority from Scripture and Spirit in community
- Women in ministry:
- fully affirmed since 1958; women ordained to all offices
- Doctrinal authority:
- Scripture, tradition, reason, and experience together
Scripture References
Sources
- Church of the Brethren Church Manual (governance)
- Brethren Life and Thought (theological journal)
- CoB statements on women in ministry (1958 forward)