Vineyard's distinctive contribution to eschatology is the 'already/not yet' Kingdom theology drawn from George Ladd's New Testament scholarship. The Kingdom of God has been inaugurated in Christ's ministry, death, and resurrection (the 'already') and will be consummated at his return (the 'not yet'). This framework takes priority over debates about the millennium's precise form.

Vineyard is broadly premillennial but does not make a specific millennial position a test of fellowship or a doctrinal distinctive. The movement avoids both the speculative timelines of dispensationalism and the triumphalism of dominionist eschatology. The emphasis falls on faithful Kingdom ministry in the present while awaiting Christ's return to complete what he has begun.