Seventh Day Baptist congregations hold varying positions on predestination, election, and the extent of divine foreknowledge and human free will. Historically, the SDB denomination has been theologically diverse on this point, with some congregations and theologians affirming more Calvinist perspectives (God's sovereign election of the saved) and others holding more Arminian views (God's foreknowledge combined with genuine human choice).

The SDB General Conference does not impose a mandatory position on predestination. Individual pastors and congregations have the freedom to teach their understanding of election within the parameters of the broader SDB commitment to God's sovereignty and the reality of human moral responsibility. This reflects the congregational polity and theological flexibility characteristic of the denomination.

Both Calvinist and Arminian SDB teachers affirm that salvation is ultimately a gift of God's grace received by faith. The denomination's unity lies in this shared commitment to grace-based salvation and biblical authority, even as particular interpretations of predestination may vary.