Non-denominational evangelical churches interpret Matthew 16:18 variously. Most evangelical commentators recognize Peter's foundational role, but debate whether 'this rock' refers to Peter himself or to his faith/confession of Christ. Many emphasize the church is ultimately built on Christ, not on any apostle.

This diversity reflects evangelical commitment to Sola Scriptura: the text is carefully examined without medieval ecclesiastical traditions. Most non-denominational churches explicitly reject Roman Catholic papal primacy doctrine.