Christian Churches and Churches of Christ hold a nuanced position on Romans 9:18-21, affirming God's sovereignty while insisting on human free will and responsibility. The potter-clay metaphor is interpreted as illustrating God's prerogative and justice, not as denying human agency. This reflects a compatibilist approach common in Restoration theology: God's foreknowledge and sovereignty are compatible with human moral freedom and choice.

The Restoration Movement's emphasis on rational faith and human decision (reflected in conversion theology emphasizing personal response to the gospel) informs this interpretation. God's sovereign choice and human choice are understood as mutually compatible within God's omniscience. This position balances classical Reformed stress on sovereignty with Arminian emphasis on human responsibility.