The Catholic Church affirms that Isaiah 7:14 predicts a virgin birth, a position foundational to Catholic Mariology and the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary. This interpretation rests on the Septuagint translation 'parthenos' (virgin) rather than the Hebrew 'almah' (young woman), and this reading is explicitly affirmed in the Infancy Narratives of Matthew 1:23. The Catechism of the Catholic Church (§§ 484-490) emphasizes Mary's perpetual virginity as 'a sign of faith' and a doctrine of the faith from the earliest centuries.

Catholic exegesis, developed through the Fathers of the Church and medieval theology, interprets Isaiah 7:14 as a Messianic prophecy fulfilled in Jesus' miraculous birth. The Council of the Lateran (649) affirmed Mary's perpetual virginity, and this doctrine remains central to Catholic Christology and soteriology. The miraculous conception is understood as a sign of the incarnation's transcendent reality.