The SBC stands within the just war tradition and has historically regarded military service as a legitimate and honorable vocation for Christians. The BFM2000's article on social order affirms that governments are divinely ordained and that Christians have civic responsibilities, including national defense. Many SBC leaders have explicitly supported military service and have chaplaincy programs embedded in the U.S. armed forces.

The SBC has passed resolutions supporting American military personnel and their families, and Southern Baptist chaplains serve across all branches of the U.S. military. The denomination has generally aligned with conservative political positions that include strong national defense, and many prominent SBC churches have traditions honoring military veterans.

While pacifism exists as a minority view within Baptist history (particularly among Anabaptist-influenced Baptists), it is not the SBC's position. The SBC has not officially addressed conscientious objection in detail, but the dominant tradition holds that bearing arms in defense of country and justice is consistent with Christian discipleship.