The Waldensian Confession of 1655 reflects the classical Reformed doctrine of predestination, affirming that God has eternally chosen those who will be saved. Earlier Waldensian theology, particularly in the medieval period and during the Reformation, emphasized God's sovereign election more explicitly in the Calvinist mode.

However, contemporary Waldensian theology (especially following the 1979 union with the Italian Methodist Church and exposure to modern theological currents) is less dogmatic and more nuanced on predestination. While the Reformed heritage is acknowledged and respected, modern Waldensian theologians are more likely to emphasize God's universal grace, the genuineness of human decision, and the limits of human understanding regarding divine election. Some contemporary Waldensian theology reflects a more Arminian or semi-Pelagian accent, without formally abandoning the confessional commitments.

The Waldensian Church permits and encourages theological reflection and diversity on these complex matters within the framework of its confessional heritage. Individual pastors and congregations may emphasize different aspects of the Reformed tradition while remaining in good standing within the denomination.