The Vineyard Churches hold a nuanced interpretation of Matthew 16:18, affirming that while Jesus is the ultimate Rock and foundation, Peter's faith-confession (believing Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God) is foundational to the Church's mission. The 'rock' plays on the word 'Peter' (petros/petra) but ultimately points to the faith that confesses Christ as Lord.

In Vineyard theology, the apostolic authority mentioned ('keys of the kingdom') refers to the authority granted to all believers and apostles to proclaim the Gospel, bind and loose in God's name, and lead the Church. This is not papal authority but rather the shared leadership responsibility of the apostolic community. The Vineyard, as a contemporary movement, sees itself as inheriting apostolic authority and gifting — not through ecclesiastical succession but through the Spirit's gifting and affirmation of leaders who exercise Jesus' own shepherding, healing, and teaching ministries.

The 'rock' upon which the Church is built is Jesus Himself and the faith that confesses Him; Peter's role is foundational but not supreme. The Gates of Hades cannot prevail against the Church built on this confession.