The Syro-Malabar Church affirms the Holy Spirit as a fully personal and divine member of the Trinity, not an impersonal force or the mere influence of God. The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son (filioque), as the church accepts this doctrine in its Eastern Catholic context. The Spirit is the giver of life and the sanctifier of the church.

The Holy Spirit operates through the sacraments of the church to impart grace to the faithful. In baptism, the Spirit begins the work of regeneration and restoration. In the sacrament of chrismation (confirmation), the Spirit is given more fully to perfect the baptized believer. In the Eucharist, the Spirit is invoked through the epiclesis (the calling down of the Holy Spirit upon the gifts) to transform the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ. Through the sacrament of penance, the Spirit reconciles the sinner with God and the church.

The Chaldean liturgical tradition emphasizes the Spirit's role in sanctifying the faithful and building up the church. The Spirit gives gifts and charisms to the church for the building up of the body of Christ, but these gifts operate within the framework of the church's sacramental and hierarchical structure, not as independent or charismatic manifestations.