The RCA affirms that military service is morally permissible and can be an honorable expression of civic duty and Christian service. Military service is understood as service to civil government, which God has ordained to maintain order and protect the innocent.

The RCA adopts just war theory: a war is just if it is declared by legitimate authority, fought for a just cause (such as defense against aggression), employs proportionate means, and has a reasonable prospect of success. Believers may conscientiously participate in such wars without violating Christian principles.

While the RCA permits conscientious objection on grounds of conscience, it does not teach that pacifism is required of Christians or that military service is inherently sinful. The RCA respects the convictions of pacifist members while not imposing pacifism on all. The denomination's stance reflects its mainstream Protestant heritage.