Oriental Orthodox churches affirm the full divinity and personhood of the Holy Spirit as the Third Person of the Trinity. In all Oriental Orthodox traditions, the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed is recited in its original form—'who proceeds from the Father'—without the Filioque addition ('and from the Son'). The Filioque is considered an illegitimate addition to the Creed and a theological error, both in the manner of its introduction (unilaterally by the Western Church) and in its doctrinal content.

The Holy Spirit is invoked with great importance in the liturgies of all Oriental Orthodox churches, particularly in the epiclesis (invocation over the Eucharistic gifts) and in the rites of Chrismation. Pneumatology—theology of the Holy Spirit—is integrated into the Oriental Orthodox understanding of theosis: the Holy Spirit is the divine agent through whom believers are united to Christ and participate in divine life.