The UPCI stands within the Arminian tradition on predestination: God foreknew who would respond to the gospel, but salvation is available to all people and is not unconditionally predetermined for a specific elect group. The universal offer of salvation — God 'desires all people to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth' (1 Timothy 2:4) — is consistent with the UPCI's strong evangelistic emphasis and worldwide missions.

Human free will is affirmed as genuine: individuals can choose to repent, be baptized in Jesus' name, and receive the Holy Spirit — or they can reject these means of grace. The UPCI does not teach that God's grace is irresistible or that some are predestined to damnation. The new birth is genuinely available to all, and the urgency of proclaiming the Acts 2:38 plan reflects the conviction that no one is excluded from the possibility of salvation.

The UPCI also holds that a genuine believer can fall away from salvation through willful, persistent sin and apostasy. This Arminian understanding of the potential loss of salvation reinforces the UPCI's strong emphasis on holy living and the communal standards maintained within the fellowship. Assurance of salvation is available to those who continue to walk with God, but it is not granted unconditionally regardless of subsequent conduct.