Oneness Pentecostal churches affirm Peter's foundational role in Matthew 16:18 but place primary emphasis on the ongoing leadership of the Holy Ghost through apostles and prophets. The building of the church is a Spirit-directed process.

Oneness interpretation maintains apostolic foundations but emphasizes that the Spirit's ongoing revelation and guidance through apostles is more important than institutional hierarchy. The rock is foundational but understood in light of continuous Spirit empowerment.