Pacifism and nonresistance are among the most fundamental Mennonite convictions. Based on Jesus's teaching in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:38–45), the example of the early church, and the Anabaptist experience of suffering nonviolently for faith, Mennonites teach that followers of Jesus cannot participate in warfare, killing, or violent coercion. Military service is regarded as incompatible with Christian discipleship.

The Mennonite Confession of Faith (1995) states clearly: 'We believe that Christian people are to be peacemakers and that nonresistance to evil by violence is the way of the cross.' This is not a peripheral teaching but a core Anabaptist conviction that shaped Mennonite identity through centuries of persecution, martyrdom, and conscientious objection. Alternative service — healthcare, disaster relief, development work — has been the traditional Mennonite response to military conscription.