Mennonites have historically emphasized the priesthood of all believers and have been skeptical of professional clergy as a separate caste. In the Anabaptist tradition, the whole congregation is responsible for ministry, mutual admonition, and witness. Pastors are called from the congregation to serve with gifts of teaching and leadership, not elevated to a separate sacerdotal class.

Mennonite Church USA and most Mennonite conferences ordain women as pastors and bishops. This egalitarian practice reflects both the Anabaptist emphasis on the gathered community's equal standing and a reading of Galatians 3:28 and Acts 2:17–18 as implying women's full participation in ministry. More conservative Old Order Mennonite groups restrict pastoral roles to men.