The LCMS affirms that Matthew 28:19 prescribes the trinitarian formula for baptism: 'in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.' This formula is essential to the sacrament; baptism administered without this formula is not a valid Christian baptism. The LCMS Handbook of Doctrinal Positions and extensive doctrinal literature affirm that the trinitarian invocation is mandated by Christ himself.

LCMS doctrine understands that baptism in this formula, administered with water in the name of the Trinity, confers forgiveness of sins, delivers from death and the devil, and gives eternal salvation to all who believe (as taught in the Small Catechism). The formula is not incidental but integral to the sacrament's identity and validity.