Churches of Christ
Amish (Old Order)
Nuanced

Faith, repentance, and baptism by immersion are all necessary for salvation

The ICOC teaches, in line with the broader Churches of Christ tradition, that salvation requires: (1) hearing and believing the gospel, (2) genuine repentance, (3) a verbal confession of Jesus as Lord, and (4) baptism by immersion for the forgiveness of sins. Baptism is not a work that earns salvation but is the divinely appointed moment at which God grants forgiveness and the gift of the Holy Spirit.

A distinctive ICOC emphasis is that repentance must be genuinely radical — a complete turning from sin — before baptism. The ICOC has historically been willing to re-baptize people who were baptized without fully understanding or committing to true discipleship. This has been controversial: the ICOC does not typically recognize the baptisms of those from other traditions as valid if they lacked the full apostolic understanding of Acts 2:38.

Key Distinctions

Justification means:
faith + repentance + baptism by immersion strictly required
Election type:
Arminian; free will; discipling movement emphasis
Baptismal regeneration:
baptism required for salvation — must be done in awareness of forgiveness
Eternal security:
can fall away — ongoing discipleship and accountability required

Scripture References

Sources

  • ICOC Statement of Belief
  • Gordon Ferguson, Prepared to Answer (1995)