The EFCA affirms the priesthood of all believers — every Christian has direct access to God through Christ and is called to participate in ministry. Ordained roles (pastor, elder) are recognized as genuine callings with specific responsibilities, but ordination does not confer sacramental powers or establish a mediating class between the laity and God.

On women's ordination, the EFCA holds a denominational-level position of 'complementarianism' — the view that the senior pastor role (and often the elder role) is reserved for men — but allows individual local churches to make their own decisions on this question. This creates practical variation within EFCA fellowship: some EFCA churches ordain women to all roles, while others restrict senior leadership to men. The denomination's official theological position leans complementarian, but congregational autonomy means local churches are not required to follow this recommendation.

This flexibility on women's ordination reflects the EFCA's broader philosophy of distinguishing essentials from non-essentials. The EFCA has invested significant resources in theological reflection on this question through studies and position papers, concluding that it falls within the category of secondary issues on which the denomination should not exercise binding authority over local churches.