The Church of the Brethren has historically affirmed the virgin birth of Jesus Christ, following classical Christian tradition and the biblical accounts in Matthew and Luke. The virgin birth is understood as a sign of Christ's unique identity as God's Son and of the miraculous nature of the incarnation.

However, the denomination has increasingly embraced theological diversity and has not enforced strict doctrinal conformity on this or other issues. Some members, particularly those influenced by liberal theology, question or do not affirm the literal virgin birth. This is tolerated within the denomination as part of legitimate theological reflection.

The Church of the Brethren values dialogue across theological perspectives. Rather than imposing uniformity, the denomination encourages study, conversation, and honest wrestling with Scripture and doctrine. The virgin birth remains a traditional affirmation but is not made a test of orthodoxy.