The Church of God (Anderson) follows the Protestant 39-book Old Testament canon and does not recognize the deuterocanonical books as canonical Scripture. This position reflects the denomination's commitment to the principles of the Reformation and the Restoration Movement, which called for a return to the biblical text in its original languages and to the historically established Protestant canon. The deuterocanonical texts (Tobit, Wisdom, Sirach, 1 and 2 Maccabees, and portions of Daniel and Esther) are valued as ancient Jewish literature but are not treated as Scripture.

The Church of God (Anderson) maintains the 39-book Old Testament canon as the authoritative Scripture, rejecting the broader canon that includes the deuterocanonical books. This is consistent with the denomination's commitment to sola scriptura and its Protestant heritage. While the Church of God (Anderson) acknowledges that other Christian traditions (particularly Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox) include these texts in their biblical canon, the denomination has chosen to follow the Protestant canon. This decision reflects both the historical influence of the Reformation on American Protestantism and the Church of God (Anderson)'s own commitment to return to apostolic Christianity.