Churches of Christ affirm that the Holy Spirit is a divine person who indwells every baptized believer (Acts 2:38). The Spirit's ongoing work includes illuminating Scripture, strengthening believers, and interceding in prayer. However, mainstream Churches of Christ are cessationist: they teach that the miraculous gifts of the Spirit — tongues, prophecy, healing — were given to confirm the apostolic message and ceased when the canon of Scripture was completed.

This cessationist position is typically grounded in 1 Corinthians 13:8–10 ('when the perfect comes, the partial will pass away'), interpreted to mean that the completed New Testament replaced the need for miraculous gifts. Churches of Christ therefore generally oppose Pentecostal and charismatic movements and regard claims of contemporary tongues or miracles with skepticism. The Spirit works today, in this view, through the Word rather than through direct supernatural manifestations.