Reformed theology interprets Matthew 28:19 as establishing the Trinitarian formula for baptism. The passage commissions disciples to baptize believers in the name of the Trinity, affirming that God's revealed name encompasses Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Westminster Confession of Faith and Heidelberg Catechism affirm baptism as one of two sacraments (instituted by Christ) signifying and sealing God's covenant.

For Reformed theology, baptism is not merely a public profession but a seal of the covenant of grace. Children of believing parents are baptized as members of the covenant community, receiving the sign and seal of redemption. Matthew 28:19 authorizes the sacrament within the church's administration of God's covenant, connecting baptism to the promises of the gospel and God's saving grace.