Biblical Unitarians reject the doctrine of the Trinity as a post-biblical theological development that is not found in Scripture. In their reading, the New Testament consistently presents God as one person — the Father — and Jesus as a distinct, subordinate human being who is the Son of God. The Shema of Deuteronomy 6:4 ('The LORD our God, the LORD is one') is held to establish an absolute, unqualified divine singularity that the Trinity doctrine compromises.

Biblical Unitarians argue that every apparent Trinitarian text in the New Testament can be read coherently without positing three co-equal divine persons. John 1:1 is typically interpreted as referring to God's creative word or plan (logos as divine wisdom or purpose), not a pre-existent divine person. John 10:30 ('I and the Father are one') is read as a unity of purpose, not of nature. 1 John 5:7's Trinitarian reading is identified with the Comma Johanneum, a later textual addition not original to the epistle.

Biblical Unitarians distinguish themselves from Unitarian Universalists by insisting that their non-Trinitarianism is derived from careful biblical exegesis rather than from Enlightenment rationalism or religious pluralism. They regard themselves as orthodox in their commitment to Scripture and to core Christian ethics, while rejecting the Trinitarian philosophical synthesis they see as introduced by the Nicene councils.